Scientific revolution

Science in simple terms we can say as' ' to know". The meaning of science in Greek is to know. Asking questions is the root of scientific discovery. There are people who belong to a particular niche and those people care about the world and the reason for its existence. As quoted by astrophysicist Neil degrasse Tyson "humans are born scientists but our curiosity and senses are filtered and crushed by our society and also by the method of our upbringing. When we were once infants we asked about our surroundings and all had a budding desire to know and understand about our surroundings. When we ask more questions we are likely to annoy people. Questions like how the flowers grow, how flowers open petals, why some flowers are red others are not why sky appears to be blue. All these questions caught our attention and we so desperately wanted to know the answer. But this curiosity lasts for a short period of time. As we grow up we get so much indulged in the materialistic world, the artificial world created by humans, our whole attention gets shifted to all the crazy things happening within that world. The more we get attached to the material world, the more we get detached from the natural World. Science is power, it empowers us and enlightens us. For 1000s of years science guided humans to a brighter path and helped us fetch the truth. The last 500 years have witnessed a phenomenal and unprecedented growth in human power. In the year 1500, there were about 500 million Homo sapiens in the entire world. Today there are approx 8 billion. The total value of goods and services produced by human kind in the year 1500 is estimated at 250 billion dollar. Nowadays the value of a year of human production is close to 60 trillion dollars. In 1500 humanity consumed about 13 trillion calories of energy per day. Today we consume 1500 trillion calories of energy a day. Looking back at those figures, the population increased by 14 folds, production by 240 folds, and energy consumption by 115 folds. A modern computer could easily store every word and number in all the codex books and scrolls in every single medieval library with room to spare. Any large bank today holds more money than all the world's premodern kingdoms. In 1500, few cities had more than 100000 inhabitants. Most buildings were constructed of mud, wood, and straw, a three storey building was a skyscraper. If inhabitants of such a city could see modern Tokyo, New York or Mumbai, what would they think? In 1500, humans were confined to the earth surface. They could build towers and climb mountains, but the sky was reserved for birds, angels and deities. On 20 July 1969 humans landed on the moon. This was not merely a historical event, but an evolutionary and even cosmic feat. During the previous 4 billions years of evolution, no organism even managed to leave the earth's atmosphere and certainly none left its bioprint on the moon. On December 17, 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright made history leaping over the hurdle of inventing the first successful airplane.

Half a century later Yuri Gagarin hopped into Vostok 1 and traveled to outer space and completed one orbit of earth on 12 April 1961. After 9 years on 16 July 1969 humanity took another leap sending the first manned aircraft to the moon. Apollo 11 landed on 20 July 19 at 20: 17 GMT, Astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon and changed the course of the space industry forever.

Apollo 11 Lander

Yuri Gagarin on Vostok1

For most of human history humans knew nothing about microorganisms not because they were of no concern to us. Each of us bears billions of microbes in a small portion in our gut not as intruders but as friends. They are our best friends and deadliest enemies. Some of them digest our food and clean our guts, while others cause illness and epidemics. Yet it is in 1664 that a human eye saw a microorganism, when Anton von Leeuwenhoek took a sneak peek into his microscope and was startled to see an entire tiny world hidden from our sight. today we engineer bacteria to produce medication, manufacture biofuel and kill parasites. But the single most remarkable and defining moment of the past 500 years came at 05:29:45 on 16 July 1945. At that precise second American scientists detonated the first atomic bomb at ____________, ______ had the capability not only to change the course of history, but to end it. The power we harnessed could create an Armageddon situation in the world if it falls into evil hands. Think about it during world war 2 if Nazi Germany would have created the atomic bomb before the allies then what would have happened ? Hitler would have engulfed the world and freedom might have become a myth. Thanks to Albert Einstein. During the scientific revolution humankind had obtained enormous power by investing resources in scientific research. The US government for example in recent decades allocated billions of dollars to study nuclear physics. The knowledge produced by the research had made possible the construction of nuclear power stations, which provide cheap electricity for American industries, which pays taxes to the government, which uses some of these taxes to finance further research in nuclear physics. There is a term called Scientific feedback loop. Science needs more than just research to make progress. It depends on mutual reinforcement of science, economics and politics.

Humans have sought to understand the universe at least since the cognitive revolution. Our ancestors put a great deal of time and effort into trying to discover the rules that govern the natural world. Science differs from all previous traditions of knowledge in three critical ways. 1.The willingness to admit ignorance : modern science is based on the Latin injunction we don't know. It assumes that we don't know everything. Even more critically it accepts that the things that we know could be proven wrong as we gain more knowledge. No concept, idea or theory is sacred and beyond challenge. 2. The centrality of observation and mathematics : having admitted ignorance, modern science thrives to obtain new knowledge through gathering observation and then using mathematical tools to transform observations into comprehensive theories. 3. The acquisition of new power: modern science is not content with theories in order to acquire new power in particular to develop new theories. The great discovery that launched the scientific revolution was the discovery that humans do not know the answer to their most important question. Premodern traditions of knowledge such as Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucianism asserted that everything that is important to know about the world was already known. Scientists are people that live outside the conventional world. Darwin never argued that he was the seal of biologists, and that he solved the riddle of life once and for all. After centuries of extensive research, biologists admit that they still don't have any good explanation for how the brain produces consciousness. Physicists admit that they don't know what caused the Big Bang, or how to reconcile quantum mechanics with general relativity. Modern science has no dogma. People across history collected empirical observations, but the importance of these observations are usually limited. Our mission is to try to go beyond what Einstein, Heinrich Schliemann and Max Weber ever knew. Mere observation however is not knowledge. In order to understand the universe we need to connect observation into comprehensive theories. Earlier traditions usually formulated their theories in terms of stories. Modern science uses Mathematics. In 1687, Issac Newton published the mathematical principles of natural philosophy, arguably the most important book in modern history. Newton presented the general theory of movement and change. The greatness of Newton's theory was its ability to explain and predict the movement of all bodies in the universe, from falling apples to shooting stars. Newton's equations work like magic. Newton showed that the book of nature is written in the language of mathematics. Mathematics was an esoteric field that even educated people rarely studied seriously. In medieval Europe, logic, literature and grammar formed the educational core, while teaching mathematics seldom went beyond simple arithmetics and geometry. Theology was the iron subject of that period. Now Confucious, Buddha, Jesus and Muhammed would have been bewildered if you told them that in order to understand the human mind and cure diseases we first need to study statistics.